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Cutting CO emissions through demand side regulation: Implications from multi-regional input–output linear

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 452-461 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0209-1

摘要： This study combines multi-regional input–output (MRIO) model with linear programming (LP) model to explore economic structure adjustment strategies for the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. A particular feature of this study is the identification of the optimal regulation sequence of final products in various regions to reduce CO2 emissions with the minimum loss in gross domestic product (GDP). By using China’s MRIO tables 2017 with 28 regions and 42 economic sectors, results show that reduction in final demand leads to simultaneous reductions in GDP and CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, certain demand side regulation strategy can be adopted to lower CO2 emissions at the smallest loss of economic growth. Several key final products, such as metallurgy, nonmetal, metal, and chemical products, should first be regulated to reduce CO2 emissions at the minimum loss in GDP. Most of these key products concentrate in the coastal developed regions in China. The proposed MRIO–LP model considers the inter-relationship among various sectors and regions, and can aid policy makers in designing effective policy for industrial structure adjustment at the regional level to achieve the national environmental and economic targets.

关键词： CO2 emissions     demand side regulation     multi-regional input–output model     linear programming model    

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Optimal dynamic emergency reserve activation using spinning, hydro and demand-side reserves

S. Surender REDDY,P. R. BIJWE,A. R. ABHYANKAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 409-423 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0431-9

摘要： This paper proposes an optimal dynamic reserve activation plan after the occurrence of an emergency situation (generator/transmission line outage, load increase or both). An optimal plan is developed to handle the emergency, using the coordinated action of fast and slow reserves, for secure operation with minimum overall cost. It considers the reserves supplied by the conventional thermal generators (spinning reserves), hydro power units and load demands (demand-side reserves). The optimal backing down of costly/fast reserves and bringing up of slow reserves in each sub-interval in an integrated manner is proposed. The proposed reserve activation approaches are solved using the genetic algorithm, and some of the simulation results are also compared using the Matlab optimization toolbox and the general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) software. The simulation studies are performed on the IEEE 30, 57 and 300 bus test systems. These results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed integrated/dynamic reserve activation plan over the conventional/sequential approach.

关键词： demand-side reserves     dynamic reserve activation approach     hydro power units     post contingency     sequential reserve activation approach     spinning reserves    

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Smart residential energy management system for demand response in buildings with energy storage devices

S. L. ARUN, M. P. SELVAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 715-730 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0538-2

摘要： In the present scenario, the utilities are focusing on smart grid technologies to achieve reliable and profitable grid operation. Demand side management (DSM) is one of such smart grid technologies which motivate end users to actively participate in the electricity market by providing incentives. Consumers are expected to respond (demand response (DR)) in various ways to attain these benefits. Nowadays, residential consumers are interested in energy storage devices such as battery to reduce power consumption from the utility during peak intervals. In this paper, the use of a smart residential energy management system (SREMS) is demonstrated at the consumer premise to reduce the total electricity bill by optimally time scheduling the operation of household appliances. Further, the SREMS effectively utilizes the battery by scheduling the mode of operation of the battery (charging/floating/discharging) and the amount of power exchange from the battery while considering the variations in consumer demand and utility parameters such as electricity price and consumer consumption limit (CCL). The SREMS framework is implemented in Matlab and the case study results show significant yields for the end user.

关键词： smart grid     demand side management (DSM)     demand response (DR)     smart building     smart appliances     energy storage    

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An overview of selected topics in smart grids

S. Hari Charan CHERUKURI,Balasubramaniyan SARAVANAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 441-458 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0418-6

摘要： Smart technologies when used in the traditional grid infrastructure will provide a different environment and working conditions in the grid by bringing the required smartness into the grid, called the smart grid. The smart grid can play a major role in the upcoming days to come because there is a necessity to integrate coordinated renewable energy resources into the grid and to operate the grids at a higher efficiency considering many aspects including reliability of the supply. Apart from this, there is a necessity to manage the demand supply gap in the smart grid by optimally scheduling the generators or by effectively scheduling the demand side resources instead of going for the traditional methods like partial or full load shedding. This paper presents an overview on the present state-of-the-art of smart grid technologies and broadly classifies the papers referred into two major areas, papers based on improvement of operational efficiency in smart grids and papers based on smartness in maintaining the demand supply gap. Some of the papers projected in this work also give a brief overview of the necessity of the smart grid.

关键词： smart grid     demand side management     electric springs     operational efficiency    

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DSM in an area consisting of residential, commercial and industrial load in smart grid

Balasubramaniyan SARAVANAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 211-216 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0351-0

摘要： With the latest introduction of the demand side management (DSM) in smart grids, the power distribution units are able to modify the load schedules of the consumers. This involves a co-operative interaction of the utility and the consumers so as to achieve customer load modifications in which the customer, utility and society all are benefited. The interaction is performed with the help of the devices known as the smart meter. This paper shows the use of game theory and logical mathematical expressions in order to achieve the objectives. The objectives are to minimize the peak to average ratio (PAR) and the energy cost. The outcome of the game between supplier and customers helps to shape the load profile. The design proposed in this paper is very user-friendly and is based on simple logarithmic programming computations. In this paper, residential, commercial and industrial types of loads are taken into account. A basic 24 h load schedule along with the fluctuating prices at each hour of the day is forecasted by the supplier of the various shiftable and non-shiftable loads and then that schedule is conveyed to the user. The users are encouraged to shift their high load devices to off-peak hours which will not only reduce their electricity costs but also substantially reduce the PAR in the load demand.

关键词： demand side management (DSM)     smart grids     peak to average ratio (PAR)     smart meters and logarithmic price function    

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需求侧智慧能源系统关键技术分析

王成山, 王丹, 李立浧, 贾宏杰, 王伟亮

《中国工程科学》 2018年 第20卷 第3期   页码 132-140 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.03.019

摘要：

需求侧智慧能源系统作为能源互联网的重要组成部分，是未来能源系统的重要组织形式，对实现可再生能源分布式就地消纳，提升终端能源利用效率等具有重要意义。本文探讨了需求侧智慧能源系统的构成特点，列举了与需求侧智慧能源系统能源生产、传输、分配、转换、存储、消费等环节相关的关键设备与技术，分析了需求侧智慧能源系统的产业发展模式。最后，进一步针对需求侧智慧能源系统的发展前景，分实验示范阶段、应用推广阶段以及普遍应用、完全市场化阶段进行了阐述。

关键词： 智慧能源系统     关键技术     发展模式     发展前景    

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基于广域低功耗网络的能源物联网

宋永华,林今,唐明,董树锋

《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第4期   页码 460-466 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.011

摘要：

为了应对严峻的环境压力以及化石能源的枯竭危机，能源行业正在世界范围内共同推进能源互联网这一新型能源系统，目标以智能电网为骨架，综合电、气、热等多种能源形式，大幅提升能源系统对可再生能源的消纳能力。能源的需求侧是能源互联网的发展重点，也是新能源消纳灵活性的全新来源，具有巨大的技术发展潜力与市场空间。然而现有的能源信息技术并不能完全适应能源需求侧的运行特点，难以被高效经济地应用于能源互联网的需求侧管控之中，已成为当前能源需求侧技术发展的瓶颈。为了突破这一技术难点，本文提出利用通信领域近年来高速发展的广域低功耗网络（low power wide area network, LPWAN）技术，构造全新的能源物联网，从而为能源互联网需求侧的发展带来了全新的技术突破。LPWAN 是一类具有远距离、低功耗、海量接入、低运维成本的通信技术的总称，与Wi-Fi、蓝牙、紫蜂（ZigBee）等局域物联网技术相比真正实现了大区域的低成本覆盖。本文介绍以窄带物联网（narrow band internet of things, NB-IoT）和运程（longrange, LoRa）为代表的LPWAN 技术，提出基于该技术实现的能源物联网体系架构。最后，本文展望了能源物联网技术驱动下，能源互联网需求侧的典型应用场景。

关键词： 能源物联网     广域低功耗网络     NB-IoT     LoRa     需求侧    

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Moving policy and regulation forward for single-use plastic alternatives

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1423-5

摘要： Single-use plastics are often used once or cannot be reused for extended periods. They are widely consumed with the rapid development of social economy. The waste generated by single-use plastics threatens ecosystem health by entering the environment and ultimately restricts sustainable human development. The innovation of sustainable and environmentally friendly single-use plastic alternative materials and the joint participation of governments, enterprises and the public are promising technologies and management approaches that can solve the problem of single-use plastics wastes. The development of single-use plastic alternative products can be promoted fundamentally only by improving relevant legislation and standards, providing differentiated industrial policies, encouraging scientific and technological innovation and expanding public participation.

关键词： Single-use plastic alternatives     Policy     Regulation     Sustainable development    

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Performance analysis of series/parallel and dual side LCC compensation topologies of inductive power

P. Srinivasa Rao NAYAK, Dharavath KISHAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 166-179 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0549-z

摘要： In an inductive battery charging system, for better power transfer capability and attaining required power level, compensation is necessary. This paper analyzes series/parallel (S/P) and dual side inductor-capacitor-capacitor (LCC) compensation topologies for inductive power transfer of electric vehicle (EV) battery charging system. The design and modeling steps of inductive power transfer for electric vehicle battery charging system are presented. Besides, the equivalent electrical circuits are used to describe the circuit compensation topologies. The results convey that the efficiency of dual side LCC compensation is higher than that of S/P compensation at variable mutual inductance (misalignment).

关键词： series/parallel compensation     electric vehicle (EV)     dual side LCC compensation     inductive power transfer    

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Phase transition regulation and caloric effect

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 463-477 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0860-1

摘要： Solid state refrigeration based on caloric effect is regarded as a potential candidate for replacing vapor-compression refrigeration. Numerous methods have been proposed to optimize the refrigeration properties of caloric materials, of which single field tuning as a relatively simple way has been systemically studied. However, single field tuning with few tunable parameters usually obtains an excellent performance in one specific aspect at the cost of worsening the performance in other aspects, like attaining a large caloric effect with narrowing the transition temperature range and introducing hysteresis. Because of the shortcomings of the caloric effect driven by a single field, multifield tuning on multicaloric materials that have a coupling between different ferro-orders came into view. This review mainly focuses on recent studies that apply this method to improve the cooling performance of materials, consisting of enlarging caloric effects, reducing hysteresis losses, adjusting transition temperatures, and widening transition temperature spans, which indicate that further progress can be made in the application of this method. Furthermore, research on the sign of lattice and spin contributions to the magnetocaloric effect found new phonon evolution mechanisms, calling for more attention on multicaloric effects. Other progress including improving cyclability of FeRh alloys by introducing second phases and realizing a large reversible barocaloric effect by hybridizing carbon chains and inorganic groups is described in brief.

关键词： phase transition regulation     caloric effect     solid state refrigeration    

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The function and regulation of OTU deubiquitinases

Jiansen Du, Lin Fu, Yingli Sui, Lingqiang Zhang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期   页码 542-563 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0734-4

摘要： Post-translational modification of cellular proteins by ubiquitin regulates numerous cellular processes, including cell division, immune responses, and apoptosis. Ubiquitin-mediated control over these processes can be reversed by deubiquitinases (DUBs), which remove ubiquitin from target proteins and depolymerize polyubiquitin chains. Recently, much progress has been made in the DUBs. In humans, the ovarian tumor protease (OTU) subfamily of DUBs includes 16 members, most of which mediate cell signaling cascades. These OTUs show great variation in structure and function, which display a series of mechanistic features. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of current progress in character, structure and function of OTUs, such as the substrate specificity and catalytic activity regulation. Then we discuss the relationship between some diseases and OTUs. Finally, we summarize the structure of viral OTUs and their function in immune escape and viral survival. Despite the challenges, OTUs might provide new therapeutic targets, due to their involvement in key regulatory processes.

关键词： ubiquitin     OTU deubiquitinases     structure     function     regulation    

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Synthesis and thermosensitive behavior of dextran graft copolymers containing poly (N-vinylcaprolactam) side

SHI Huangying, CHEN Wenjuan, ZHANG Liming

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 72-75 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0015-7

摘要： New graft copolymers were synthesized by grafting N-vinylcaprolactam onto dextran. Their composition and structure were investigated by elemental analyses, infrared spectra and thermogravimetric analyses. By optical transmittance measurements, it was found that the aqueous solutions of these graft copolymers showed a temperature-dependent transmittance change due to the introduction of thermosensitive poly (-vinylcaprolactam) graft chains. Moreover, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the graft copolymer in aqueous solution was dependent on its grafting extent and concentration. The LCST value was found to increase with the increase of the grafting extent and decrease with the increase of the copolymer concentration. With these stimuli-response properties, such polysaccharide derivative may hold potential applications in biomedicine and biotechnology.

关键词： transmittance     copolymer concentration     LCST     temperature     elemental    

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Understanding the demand predictability of bike share systems: A station-level analysis

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 551-565 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0279-8

摘要： Predicting demand for bike share systems (BSSs) is critical for both the management of an existing BSS and the planning for a new BSS. While researchers have mainly focused on improving prediction accuracy and analysing demand-influencing factors, there are few studies examining the inherent randomness of stations’ observed demands and to what degree the demands at individual stations are predictable. Using Divvy bike-share one-year data from Chicago, USA, we measured demand entropy and quantified the station-level predictability. Additionally, to verify that these predictability measures could represent the performance of prediction models, we implemented two commonly used demand prediction models to compare the empirical prediction accuracy with the calculated entropy and predictability. Furthermore, we explored how city- and system-specific temporally-constant features would impact entropy and predictability to inform estimating these measures when historical demand data are unavailable. Our results show that entropy of demands across stations is polarized as some stations exhibit high uncertainty (a low entropy of 0.65) and others have almost no check-out demand uncertainty (a high entropy of around 1.0). We also validated that the entropy and predictability are a priori model-free indicators for prediction error, given a sequence of bike usage demands. Lastly, we identified that key factors contributing to station-level entropy and predictability include per capita income, spatial eccentricity, and the number of parking lots near the station. Findings from this study provide more fundamental understanding of BSS demand prediction, which can help decision makers and system operators anticipate diverse station-level prediction errors from their prediction models both for existing stations and for new ones.

关键词： bike share systems     demand prediction     prediction errors     machine learning     entropy    

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Optimal locations of monitoring stations in water distribution systems under multiple demand patterns: a flaw of demand coverage method and modification

Shuming LIU, Wenjun LIU, Jinduan CHEN, Qi WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 204-212 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0364-9

摘要： A flaw of demand coverage method in solving optimal monitoring stations problem under multiple demand patterns was identified in this paper. In the demand coverage method, the demand coverage of each set of monitoring stations is calculated by accumulating their demand coverage under each demand pattern, and the impact of temporal distribution between different time periods or demand patterns is ignored. This could lead to miscalculation of the optimal locations of the monitoring stations. To overcome this flaw, this paper presents a Demand Coverage Index (DCI) based method. The optimization considers extended period unsteady hydraulics due to the change of nodal demands with time. The method is cast in a genetic algorithm framework for integration with Environmental Protection Agency Net (EPANET) and is demonstrated through example applications. Results show that the set of optimal locations of monitoring stations obtained using the DCI method can represent the water quality of water distribution systems under multiple demand patterns better than the one obtained using previous methods.

关键词： demand coverage     monitoring     optimization     water distribution network     water quality    

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Design of a novel side-mounted leg mechanism with high flexibility for a multi-mission quadruped earth

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0740-0

摘要： Earth rover is a class of emerging wheeled-leg robots for nature exploration. At present, few methods for these robots’ leg design utilize a side-mounted spatial parallel mechanism. Thus, this paper presents a complete design process of a novel 5-degree-of-freedom (5-DOF) hybrid leg mechanism for our quadruped earth rover BJTUBOT. First, a general approach is proposed for constructing the novel leg mechanism. Subsequently, by evaluating the basic locomotion task (LT) of the rover based on screw theory, we determine the desired motion characteristic of the side-mounted leg and carry out its two feasible configurations. With regard to the synthesis method of the parallel mechanism, a family of concise hybrid leg mechanisms using the 6-DOF limbs and an L1F1C limb (which can provide a constraint force and a couple) is designed. In verifying the motion characteristics of this kind of leg, we select a typical (3-UPRU&RRRR)&R mechanism and then analyze its kinematic model, singularities, velocity mapping, workspace, dexterity, statics, and kinetostatic performance. Furthermore, the virtual quadruped rover equipped with this innovative leg mechanism is built. Various basic and specific LTs of the rover are demonstrated by simulation, which indicates that the flexibility of the legs can help the rover achieve multitasking.

关键词： design synthesis     parallel mechanism     hybrid leg mechanism     screw theory     quadruped robot    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Cutting CO emissions through demand side regulation: Implications from multi-regional input–output linear

期刊论文

Optimal dynamic emergency reserve activation using spinning, hydro and demand-side reserves

S. Surender REDDY,P. R. BIJWE,A. R. ABHYANKAR

期刊论文

Smart residential energy management system for demand response in buildings with energy storage devices

S. L. ARUN, M. P. SELVAN

期刊论文

An overview of selected topics in smart grids

S. Hari Charan CHERUKURI,Balasubramaniyan SARAVANAN

期刊论文

DSM in an area consisting of residential, commercial and industrial load in smart grid

Balasubramaniyan SARAVANAN

期刊论文

需求侧智慧能源系统关键技术分析

王成山, 王丹, 李立浧, 贾宏杰, 王伟亮

期刊论文

基于广域低功耗网络的能源物联网

宋永华,林今,唐明,董树锋

期刊论文

Moving policy and regulation forward for single-use plastic alternatives

期刊论文

Performance analysis of series/parallel and dual side LCC compensation topologies of inductive power

P. Srinivasa Rao NAYAK, Dharavath KISHAN

期刊论文

Phase transition regulation and caloric effect

期刊论文

The function and regulation of OTU deubiquitinases

Jiansen Du, Lin Fu, Yingli Sui, Lingqiang Zhang

期刊论文

Synthesis and thermosensitive behavior of dextran graft copolymers containing poly (N-vinylcaprolactam) side

SHI Huangying, CHEN Wenjuan, ZHANG Liming

期刊论文

Understanding the demand predictability of bike share systems: A station-level analysis

期刊论文

Optimal locations of monitoring stations in water distribution systems under multiple demand patterns: a flaw of demand coverage method and modification

Shuming LIU, Wenjun LIU, Jinduan CHEN, Qi WANG

期刊论文

Design of a novel side-mounted leg mechanism with high flexibility for a multi-mission quadruped earth

期刊论文